![]() ![]() Applications and ImportanceĮlements that have beta decay can have useful medical applications. ![]() An example of this would be iodine-131, which concentrates in the thyroid gland and increases the risk of thyroid cancer. Some beta emitters are distributed throughout the body - such as carbon-14 (which occurs naturally at levels that cause no harm to the human body)- while others accumulate in specific organs. The most prominent side effect of exposure is cancer. Chronic effects are the result of low-level exposures to beta radiation over an extended period of time, and can take anywhere between 5 and 30 years to develop. Generally speaking, exposure to beta decay sources are chronic in nature. Įxposure to beta radiation can cause a wide variety of health effects. Different penetration levels of different products of decay, with gamma being one of the most highly penetrating and alpha being one of the least penetrating. Figure 2 shows the relative levels of penetration of a variety of different radiation types.įigure 2. If a beta source enters the body, it causes tissue damage and can increase the risk of cancer. Generally speaking, because beta radiation isn't extremely penetrating it is mainly an issue when ingested. In both beta minus and beta plus decay it is the weak nuclear force that results in the changing of a nucleon into a different nucleon.īeta radiation is slightly more penetrating than alpha radiation, but still not nearly as penetrating as gamma radiation. e^+ is the released beta particle, a positron.^A_ZX_N \rightarrow ^A_ is the daughter nucleus The general equation representing beta minus decay is: To ensure the rules of particle physics hold, a tiny particle known as an anti-neutrino is also released. In this type, a neutron from the nucleus is transformed into a proton and an electron, with the electron being ejected from the nucleus. There's a closely related process called electron capture, where an electron is captured in the nucleus which acts just like beta plus.īeta minus decay occurs whenever a nucleus has too many neutrons. Both beta minus and beta plus decay are moderately penetrating (ie the radiation can go deep inside a solid object). In both of these decays, a nucleon in the nucleus is transformed into a different type of nucleon, releasing particles in the process. There are two different types of beta decay - beta minus and beta plus. īeta decay is a nuclear decay process where an unstable nucleus transmutes and ejects particles to become more stable. A model of beta-minus decay, showing the ejection of an electron from the nucleus and the specific transformation of a neutron. Radiation: A Review of Human Carcinogens. International Agency for Research on Cancer.Internalized radionuclides that emit β particles are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) ( 1). Ingestion, inhalation, puncture, wound, skin contamination (absorption) Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. ![]()
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